Notes:

In September 1939, the United Kingdom and the self-governing dominions, with Ireland excepted, declared war on Nazi Germany. George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London despite German bombing raids. They officially stayed in Buckingham Palace throughout the war, though they usually spent nights at Windsor Castle. The first night of the Blitz on London, on 7 September 1940, killed about one thousand civilians, mostly in the East End. On the 13th of September, the King and Queen narrowly avoided death when two German bombs exploded in a courtyard at Buckingham Palace while they were there. In defiance, the Queen declared: "I am glad we have been bombed. It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face." The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country. They were subject to British rationing restrictions, and U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt remarked on the rationed food served and the limited bathwater that was permitted during a stay at the unheated and boarded-up Palace. In August 1942, the King's brother, the Duke of Kent, was killed on active service.

In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "...the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister." Every Tuesday, for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness. The King has related much of what the two discussed in his diary, which is the only extant first-hand account of these conversations.

Throughout the war, the King and Queen provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops. The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944. Their high public profile and apparently indefatigable determination secured their place as symbols of national resistance. At a social function in 1944, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, revealed that every time he met Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, he thought Montgomery was after his job. The King replied: "You should worry, when I meet him, I always think he's after mine!"

In 1945, crowds shouted, "We want the King!" in front of Buckingham Palace during the Victory in Europe Day celebrations. In an echo of Chamberlain's appearance, the King invited Churchill to appear with the royal family on the balcony to public acclaim.

In January 1946, George addressed the United Nations at their first assembly, which was held in London, and reaffirmed, "...our faith in the equal rights of men and women and of nations great and small."

Ultimately, George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the British Empire. The Statute of Westminster 1931 had already acknowledged the evolution of the Dominions into separate sovereign states. The process of transformation from an empire to a voluntary association of independent states, known as the Commonwealth, gathered pace after the Second World War. During the ministry of Clement Attlee, British India became the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan in 1947. George relinquished the title of Emperor of India, and became King of India and King of Pakistan instead. In 1950 he ceased to be King of India when it became a republic within the Commonwealth and recognized his new title of Head of the Commonwealth; he remained King of Pakistan until his death. Other countries left the Commonwealth, such as Burma in January 1948, Palestine (divided between Israel and the Arab states) in May 1948 and the Republic of Ireland in 1949.

In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa.The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites, and referred to his South African bodyguards as "the Gestapo." Despite the tour, Smuts lost the election the following year, and the new government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation.

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1446/george_vi

British Monarch. He ascended the throne on December 11, 1936, after the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. Generally considered a man of weak character, he showed, during the World War II, to have energy and great charisma. He had a valid help from his wife Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and Sir Winston Churchill, appointed Prime Minister in May 1940, in addressing the serious problems of the United Kingdom. He was highly respected by his people because they flatly refused to leave England during the bombing of London, and when the German invasion seemed imminent. After the war, despite his health was in decline, he was promoter of economic and social recovery of Great Britain.

George married Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, The Queen Mother 26 Apr 1923, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England, United Kingdom. Elizabeth was born 4 Aug 1900, St Paul's Walden, Hertfordshire, England; was christened 23 Sep 1900, St Paul's Walden, Hertfordshire, England; died 30 Mar 2002, Royal Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; was buried 9 Apr 2002, St George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

1. Elizabeth Mountbatten-Windsor

Notes:

George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 ? 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.

Born during the reign of his grandmother Queen Victoria, George was third in the line of succession behind his father, the Prince of Wales, and his own elder brother, Prince Albert Victor. From 1877 to 1891, George served in the Royal Navy, until the unexpected death of his elder brother in early 1892 put him directly in line for the throne. On the death of his grandmother in 1901, George's father became King-Emperor of the British Empire as Edward VII, and George was created Prince of Wales. He became king-emperor on his father's death in 1910.

George V's reign saw the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, and the Indian independence movement, all of which radically changed the political landscape. The Parliament Act 1911 established the supremacy of the elected British House of Commons over the unelected House of Lords. As a result of the First World War (1914?1918), the empires of his first cousins Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany fell, while the British Empire expanded to its greatest effective extent. In 1917, George became the first monarch of the House of Windsor, which he renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as a result of anti-German public sentiment. In 1924 he appointed the first Labour ministry and in 1931 the Statute of Westminster recognised the dominions of the Empire as separate, independent states within the Commonwealth of Nations. He had smoking-related health problems throughout much of his later reign and at his death was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward VIII.




https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1986/george_v

British Monarch. The second son of King Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark, because he was not first in line to the throne, he did not have the same education and upbringing of his older brother, Prince Albert. He chose the career of a Naval Officer. When his brother, Albert, died in 1892, George became the heir apparent. He became King on the death of his father, King Edward VII in 1910. He was married on July 6, 1893 to Mary (May) of Teck, and together they had five children, four boys and one girl. During one of George and Mary's many visits to the front in WWI, George's horse rolled on top of him, shattering his pelvis. It was an injury that would leave him in pain for the rest of his life. His reign saw many changes throughout England and Ireland. He saw to the establishment of an independent Irish Parliament, and the Government of Ireland Act of 1920 divided Ireland's religious lines. Similar establishments of self-governance were granted to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and India (through the Government of India Act of 1935). He is well known for bringing dignity, diligence, duty, and humbleness to the monarchy, evolving the image of the royals into something quite different from the reign of his grandparents and his father. He died the year after his silver jubilee, at the age of 71, after several bouts of bronchitis.

King married Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes von Teck 6 Jul 1893, Saint James's Palace, London, England, United Kingdom. Victoria (daughter of Franz Paul Karl Ludwig Alexander Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Von Würtemberg, Duke of Teck and Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge) was born 26 May 186, Kensington, London, England; was christened 27 Jul 1867, Saint James's Palace, London, England; died 24 Mar 1953, Marlborough House, London, England; was buried 31 Mar 1953, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 ? 24 March 1953) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from the accession of her husband, King George V, in 1910 until his death in 1936. She was concurrently Empress of India.
Although technically a princess of Teck, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, she was born and raised in the United Kingdom. Her parents were Francis, Duke of Teck, who was of German extraction, and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, who was a granddaughter of King George III. She was informally known as "May", after her birth month.
At the age of 24, she was betrothed to her second cousin once removed Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, but six weeks after the announcement of the engagement, he died unexpectedly during an influenza pandemic. The following year, she became engaged to Albert Victor's only surviving brother, George, who subsequently became king. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall, and Princess of Wales.
As queen consort from 1910, she supported her husband through the First World War, his ill health, and major political changes arising from the aftermath of the war. After George's death in 1936, she became queen mother when her eldest son, Edward VIII, ascended the throne; but to her dismay, he abdicated later the same year in order to marry twice-divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. She supported her second son, George VI, until his death in 1952. She died the following year, during the reign of her granddaughter Elizabeth II, who had not yet been crowned. Among much else, an ocean liner, a battlecruiser, and a university were named in her honour.
Early life
Princess Victoria Mary ("May") of Teck was born on 26 May 1867 at Kensington Palace, London, in the same room where Queen Victoria, her first cousin once removed, had been born 48 years earlier. Queen Victoria came to visit the baby, writing that she was "a very fine one, with pretty little features and a quantity of hair". May would become the first British queen consort born in Britain since Catherine Parr. Her father was Prince Francis, Duke of Teck, the son of Duke Alexander of Württemberg by his morganatic wife, Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde (created Countess von Hohenstein in the Austrian Empire). Her mother was Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, a granddaughter of King George III and the third child and younger daughter of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, and Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel.
She was baptized in the Chapel Royal of Kensington Palace on 27 July 1867 by Charles Thomas Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury. From an early age, she was known to her family, friends and the public by the diminutive name of "May", after her birth month.
May's upbringing was "merry but fairly strict". She was the eldest of four children, and the only daughter, and "learned to exercise her native discretion, firmness, and tact" by resolving her three younger brothers' petty boyhood squabbles. They played with their cousins, the children of the Prince of Wales, who were similar in age. She grew up at Kensington Palace and White Lodge, in Richmond Park, which was granted by Queen Victoria on permanent loan, and was educated at home by her mother and governess (as were her brothers until they were sent to boarding schools). The Duchess of Teck spent an unusually long time with her children for a lady of her time and class, and enlisted May in various charitable endeavors, which included visiting the tenements of the poor.
Although May was a great-grandchild of George III, she was only a minor member of the British royal family. Her father, the Duke of Teck, had no inheritance or wealth and carried the lower royal style of Serene Highness because his parents' marriage was morganatic. The Duchess of Teck was granted a parliamentary annuity of £5,000 and received about £4,000 a year from her mother, the Duchess of Cambridge, but she donated lavishly to dozens of charities. Prince Francis was deeply in debt and moved his family abroad with a small staff in 1883, in order to economize. They traveled throughout Europe, visiting their various relations. For a time they stayed in Florence, Italy, where May enjoyed visiting the art galleries, churches, and museums. She was fluent in English, German, and French.
In 1885, the family returned to London and lived for some time in Chester Square. May was close to her mother, and acted as an unofficial secretary, helping to organised parties and social events. She was also close to her aunt, the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and wrote to her every week. During the First World War, the Crown Princess of Sweden helped pass letters from May to her aunt, who lived in enemy territory in Germany until her death in 1916.
Engagements
In 1886, May was a debutante in her first season, and was introduced at court. Her status as the only unmarried British princess who was not descended from Queen Victoria made her a suitable candidate for the royal family's most eligible bachelor, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, her second cousin once removed and the eldest son of the Prince of Wales.
On 3 December 1891 at Luton Hoo, country residence of Danish Ambassador Christian Frederick de Falbe, Albert Victor proposed marriage to May and she accepted. The choice of May as bride for the Duke owed much to Queen Victoria's fondness for her, as well as to her strong character and sense of duty. However, Albert Victor died six weeks later, in a recurrence of the worldwide 1889?90 influenza pandemic, before the date was fixed for their wedding.
Albert Victor's brother, Prince George, Duke of York, now second in line to the throne, evidently became close to May during their shared period of mourning, and Queen Victoria still thought of her as a suitable candidate to marry a future king. The public was also anxious that the Duke of York should marry and settle the succession. In May 1893, George proposed, and May accepted. They were soon deeply in love, and their marriage was a success. George wrote to May every day they were apart and, unlike his father, never took a mistress.
May married Prince George, Duke of York, in London on 6 July 1893 at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. The new Duke and Duchess of York lived in York Cottage on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, and in apartments in St James's Palace. York Cottage was a modest house for royalty, but it was a favorite of George, who liked a relatively simple life. They had six children: Edward, Albert, Mary, Henry, George, and John.
The children were put into the care of a nanny, as was usual in upper-class families at the time. The first nanny was dismissed for insolence and the second for abusing the children. This second woman, anxious to suggest that the children preferred her to anyone else, would pinch Edward and Albert whenever they were about to be presented to their parents so that they would start crying and be speedily returned to her. On discovery, she was replaced by her effective and much-loved assistant, Charlotte Bill.
Sometimes, Mary and George appear to have been distant parents. At first, they failed to notice the nanny's abuse of the young princes Edward and Albert, and their youngest son, Prince John, was housed in a private farm on the Sandringham Estate, in Bill's care, perhaps to hide his epilepsy from the public. However, despite Mary's austere public image and her strait-laced private life, she was a caring mother in many respects, revealing a fun-loving and frivolous side to her children and teaching them history and music.
Edward wrote fondly of his mother in his memoirs: "Her soft voice, her cultivated mind, the cozy room overflowing with personal treasures were all inseparable ingredients of the happiness associated with this last hour of a child's day ... Such was my mother's pride in her children that everything that happened to each one was of the utmost importance to her. With the birth of each new child, Mama started an album in which she painstakingly recorded each progressive stage of our childhood". He expressed a less charitable view, however, in private letters to his wife after his mother's death: "My sadness was mixed with incredulity that any mother could have been so hard and cruel towards her eldest son for so many years and yet so demanding at the end without relenting a scrap. I'm afraid the fluids in her veins have always been as icy cold as they are now in death."
As Duke and Duchess of York, George and May carried out a variety of public duties. In 1897, she became the patron of the London Needlework Guild in succession to her mother. The guild, initially established as The London Guild in 1882, was renamed several times and was named after May between 1914 and 2010. Samples of her own embroidery range from chair seats to tea cozies.

On 22 January 1901, Queen Victoria died, and May's father-in-law ascended the throne. For most of the rest of that year, George and May were known as the "Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York". For eight months they toured the British Empire, visiting Gibraltar, Malta, Egypt, Ceylon, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, South Africa and Canada. No royal had undertaken such an ambitious tour before. She broke down in tears at the thought of leaving her children, who were to be left in the care of their grandparents, for such a long time.
Princess of Wales (1901?1910)
On 9 November 1901, nine days after arriving back in Britain and on the King's sixtieth birthday, George was created Prince of Wales. The family moved their London residence from St James's Palace to Marlborough House. As Princess of Wales, May accompanied her husband on trips to Austria-Hungary and Württemberg in 1904. The following year, she gave birth to her last child, John. It was a difficult labor




https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7466/mary_of_teck

British monarch, Queen consort of King George V. The daughter of the impoverished Francis, Duke of Teck and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, her full name and title at birth was Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck, popularly known as Princess May. She was engaged to Prince Albert Victor, elder son of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) in 1891. She accepted his proposal only because it was expected of her. After the prince's sudden death, she became engaged to his brother, Prince George, Duke of Clarence, with whom she had much more in common. They were married on July 6, 1893 at St. James Palace. Theirs was an exceptionally successful marriage, producing one daughter and five sons. Upon Edward VII's accession in 1901, the couple became Prince and Princess of Wales. Edward died in 1910, and they were crowned King and Queen on June 22, 1911. Widowed in 1936, Queen Mary lived to see her eldest son, Edward VIII abdicate the throne, her son George VI reign successfully, and her eldest granddaughter, Elizabeth, come to the throne in 1952. Regarded as the matriarch of the royal family, her funeral and lying-in-state created unprecedented scenes of public mourning.

Bio by: Kristen Conrad

Notes:

British Monarch. He reigned as King of Great Britain, Ireland and Emperor of India from 1901 to 1910. The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, he was born in London at Buckingham Palace in 1841. He was educated privately and at Edinburgh, Oxford and Cambridge, and married Princess Alexandra, daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark in 1863. Together they had six children. As Prince of Wales, Edward VII's behavior led him into several social scandals and even after the death of his father in 1861, he was consistently denied any share in government by his mother. After his marriage he continued to have affairs which were public knowledge; the actress Lily Langtry, Lady Brooke and Mrs. Keppel being amongst the best known of his mistresses. At the age of fifty-nine in 1901, by then a grandfather, he ascended the throne. Many shared Queen Victoria's reservations about her son, and it was soon apparent that he displayed skill in dealing with his ministers and with foreign rulers. He was particularly concerned with Britain's role in Europe and he helped to promote ententes with France and Russia and to defuse the rivalry with Germany. Edward VII was also a patron of the arts and sciences and helped found the Royal College of Music, and was one of England's leading sportsmen. Horses from his stables won the English Derby three times. His reign ended when he died suddenly of pneumonia just before midnight at Buckingham Palace on May 6, 1910. The sixty-eight year old monarch's sudden death threw his country into a state of shock. Attending his funeral where nine crowned heads of Europe, seven queens and a host of minor royalty and foreign ambassadors, representing more than seventy different countries.

Bio by: Curtis Jackson

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7465/edward_vii

Edward married Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Queen Consort of the United Kingdom 10 Mar 1863, St George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom. Alexandra was born 1 Dec 1844, Yellow Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark; was christened 7 Feb 1845, Garnisons Church, Copenhagen, Denmark; died 20 Nov 1925, Sandringham House, Norfolk, England; was buried 25 Nov 1925, St George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 ? 20 November 1925) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India from 1901 to 1910 as the wife of King-Emperor Edward VII.

Alexandra's family had been relatively obscure until 1852, when her father, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was chosen with the consent of the major European powers to succeed his distant cousin Frederick VII as king of Denmark. At the age of sixteen Alexandra was chosen as the future wife of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent of Queen Victoria. The couple married eighteen months later in 1863, the year in which her father became king of Denmark as Christian IX and her brother was appointed king of Greece as George I. She was Princess of Wales from 1863 to 1901, the longest anyone has ever held that title, and became generally popular; her style of dress and bearing were copied by fashion-conscious women. Largely excluded from wielding any political power, she unsuccessfully attempted to sway the opinion of British ministers and her husband's family to favour Greek and Danish interests. Her public duties were restricted to uncontroversial involvement in charitable work.

On the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, Albert Edward became king-emperor as Edward VII, with Alexandra as queen-empress. She held the status until Edward's death in 1910. She greatly distrusted her nephew Wilhelm II, German Emperor, and supported her son George V during the First World War, in which Britain and its allies fought Germany.

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7467/alexandra_of_denmark

Notes:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13023573/prince_francis,-paul_charles_louis_alexander-duke_of_teck

Father of Queen Mary. Francis was relatively poor, which made him an unpopular choice for European princesses. He eventually married upwards into a richer family to Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (a.k.a. Fat Mary), a granddaughter of King George III, as she too had trouble finding a suitable husband due to her unattractivness. Despite their modest incomes, the Tecks built up large debts and fled to Europe in 1883. They returned two years later and their daughter, Princess "May", was engaged to Prince Albert, Duke of Clarence. He died a few weeks later but she then married Albert's brother, the Duke of York (later George V) and their income improved. Francis died at Richmond Lodge, Surrey in 1900, but it alleged that he may have died in a Viennese brothel and his body brought home secretly to avoid public embarrasment.

Franz married Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge 12 Jun 1866, Kew, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Mary (daughter of Adolphus Frederick Hanover, 1st Duke of Cambridge and Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel) was born 27 Nov 1833, Hanover, Prussia, Germany; died 27 Oct 1897, White Lodge, Richmond Park, London, England; was buried 3 Nov 1897, St.George Chapel Cemetery Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8614933/mary_adelaide_of_cambridge

British Nobility. Younger daughter of Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge and Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel, she was born Her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth Guelph. She was ceaselessly popular with the public, and nicknamed Fat Mary for her very wide girth, prompting her first cousin, Queen Victoria to comment "The mob likes fat people". Mary had extravagent tastes in food, clothes, and jewels, and was the first of the royal family to patronize many charities. She married Francis of Teck, later Duke of Teck, on June 12, 1866. Together they had three sons and one daughter, Mary, who married Prince George, later King George V. Princess Mary died at White Lodge, Richmond Park, at the age of 64.

Notes:

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Keijsers;[1] created Prince Consort 1857; 26 August 1819 ? 14 December 1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria.

He was born at Schloss Rosenau (a former castle converted into a ducal country house) in the Saxon duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to a family connected to many of Europe's ruling monarchs. At the age of 20, he married his first cousin, Queen Victoria; they had nine children. Initially he felt constrained by his role of consort, which did not afford him any power or responsibilities, but gradually developed a reputation for supporting many public causes, such as educational reform and the abolition of slavery worldwide, and was entrusted with running the Queen's household, office and estates. He was heavily involved with the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which was a resounding success.

The Queen came to depend more and more on his support and guidance. He aided the development of Britain's constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament?although he actively disagreed with the interventionist foreign policy pursued during Lord Palmerston's tenure as Foreign Secretary.

Albert died at the relatively young age of 42, plunging the Queen into deep mourning. On her death in 1901, their eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, named after the ducal house to which Albert belonged.




https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1441/francis_charles_augustus_emmanuel-albert_of_saxe-coburg_and_gotha

English Royalty. He is remembered as the Prince Consort of his cousin, Queen Victoria of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, whom he married on February 10, 1840 at the Chapel Royal, Saint James Palace, in London, England.

Albert married Victoria of United Kingdom, I 10 Feb 1840, Saint James's Palace, London, England, United Kingdom. Victoria (daughter of Prince Edward Augustus Hannover, Duke of Kent and Princess Marie Luise Viktoria Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld) was born 24 May 1819, Kensington Palace, London, Middlesex, England; was christened 24 Jun 1819, Kensington, Middlesex, England; died 22 Jan 1901, Osborne House, East Cowes, Isle of Wight, England; was buried 4 Feb 1901, Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1442/victoria

Wikipedia article of Queen Victoria:

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 ? 22 January 1901) was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of empress of India. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.

Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. After both the Duke and his father died in 1820, she was raised under close supervision by her mother and her comptroller, John Conroy. She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father's three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue. The United Kingdom was an established constitutional monarchy in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, she attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.

Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840. Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe" and spreading haemophilia in European royalty. After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism in the United Kingdom temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901. The last British monarch of the House of Hanover, she was succeeded by her son Edward VII of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

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Queen Victoria is #150 on the Grimaldi Line

https://syntropy.website/from-queen-of-england-to-adam/

The case of Abdul Karim:
The relationship between Queen Victoria and her handsome, young Indian attendant Abdul Karim was deemed so controversial and scandalous by her family members that, upon the monarch?s death in 1901, they scrubbed his existence from royal history. According to The Telegraph, Victoria?s son Edward immediately demanded that any letters between the two found on the royal premises be burned. The family evicted Karim from the home the queen had given him, and deported him back to India. Victoria?s daughter Beatrice erased all reference to Karim in the Queen?s journals?a painstaking endeavor given Victoria?s decade-plus relationship with Karim, whom she considered her closest confidante. The royal family?s eradication of Karim was so thorough that a full 100 years would pass before an eagle-eyed journalist noticed a strange clue left in Victoria?s summer home?and her consequential investigation led to the discovery of Victoria?s relationship with Karim.

But why was the relationship so controversial?beyond the inter class curiosity of the Queen of England confiding in a servant?that it warranted full censure?

According to historians, Victoria?s family and staff members exhibited prejudice of social variety. Victoria became closer with Karim and afforded him privileges including traveling with her through Europe; prime seats at operas and banquets; a private carriage; and personal gifts. The queen entertained Karim?s family members, helped his father get a pension, and enlisted local press to write about him. Victoria also commissioned multiple portraits of Karim.

British Monarch. She reigned as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901 and as Empress of India beginning in 1876. One of the most famous rulers in English history, she was born in London at Kensington Palace in May of 1819. The only child of Edward Duke of Kent, Victoria Maria Louisa of Saxe-Coburg and granddaughter of King George III, Queen Victoria's reign spanned more than half a century in which Great Britain reached the height of its power. It saw the acquisition of many new lands overseas and a great colonial empire that enjoyed tremendous industrial expansion at home. As a result, the time of Victoria's reign is often called the Victorian Age. The stability and dignity of her reign also restored the popularity of the monarchy. At age eighteen Victoria ascended the English throne in June of 1837 following the death of her uncle King William IV and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on June 28, 1838. It was soon realized that the young queen was perfectly capable of performing her duties. Taught by William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, her first prime minister, she had a clear grasp of constitutional principles and the scope of her own prerogative. In February of 1840 the Saxe-Coburg influence upon Victoria's life was strengthened by her marriage to her cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Together they had nine children. Strongly influenced by her husband, with whom she worked in close harmony, Victoria went into lengthy seclusion after his death in 1861 to Osborne, Balmoral, Windsor or the Riviera. This decreased her popularity and motivated a Republican movement against the Crown. Victoria's recognition as empress of India, and her Diamond Jubilee in 1887 put her back in her subjects favor and increased the prestige of the monarchy. She continued to reign until the later part of 1900, when her health began to fail and she retired to Osbourne, her seaside home on the Isle of Wight. There an era ended when the Queen died in 1901. After a state funeral Victoria was buried beside her beloved Albert at Frogmore.

Bio by: Curtis Jackson

Notes:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28361365/adolphus_frederick_of_hanover

British Royalty. Born Adolphus Frederick Hanover at Buckingham Palace, London, the seventh son of George III, King of Great Britain and Sophie Charlotte Herzogin von Meckleburg-Sterlitz. He was educated at Kew and the University of Göttingen, Germany. He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter in June 1786 and gained the rank of Colonel in 1793 in the service of the Hanoverian Army. He was promoted to Lieutenant-General in 1798. He was created 1st Duke of Cambridge, 1st Baron of Culloden, and 1st Earl of Tipperary in November 1801. He was invested as a Privy Counselor in February 1802, and gained the rank of Lieutenant-General in June 1803 in the service of the British Army. He was invested as a Knight Grand Cross, Order of the Bath in January 1815, and as a Knight Grand Cross, Hanoverian Order in August 1815. After the death of his niece, the heir apparent, Princess Charlotte, in 1817, he and his unmarried brothers scrambled for legitimate brides in the hope of securing heirs to the throne. He married Auguste Wilhelmine Luise Prinzessin von Hessen-Kassel, in May 1818 at Cassel, Germany and with her had three children who stood behind their cousin, Victoria, in precedence. He was invested as a Knight Grand Cross, Order of St. Michael and St. George in June 1825. He died at his residence, Cambridge House, in London at age 76, his only son succeeded to his titles.

Adolphus Frederick Hanover, 1st Duke of Cambridge was born on 24 February 1774 at Buckingham Palace, St. James's, London, EnglandG.3 He was the son of George III Hanover, King of Great Britain and Sophie Charlotte Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Strelitz.4 He married Auguste Wilhelmine Luise Prinzessin von Hessen-Kassel, daughter of Friedrich III Prinz General von Hessen-Kassel and Karoline Polyxena Prinzessin von Nassau-Usingen, on 7 May 1818 at Cassel, GermanyG.3 Adolphus Frederick and Auguste Wilhelmine Luise were also married in a religious ceremony on 1 June 1818 at Kew Palace, Kew, London, EnglandG. He died on 8 July 1850 at age 76 at Cambridge House, Piccadilly, London, EnglandG, from a gastric fever.5 He was buried on 17 July 1850 at Kew Palace, Kew, London, EnglandG.5 His will was proven (by probate) in August 1850.5
He was a member of the House of Guelph.6 He gained the title of HRH Prince Adolphus Frederick of the United Kingdom. He was educated at Kew, London, EnglandG.4 He was appointed Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) on 2 June 1786.3 He gained the rank of Colonel in 1793 in the Hanoverian Army.4 He was educated at University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyG.4 He gained the rank of Lieutenant-General in 1798.4 He was created 1st Earl of Tipperary, in Ireland [U.K.] on 27 November 1801.4 He was created 1st Duke of Cambridge [U.K.] on 27 November 1801.4 He was created 1st Baron of Culloden, in North Britain [U.K.] on 27 November 1801.4 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) on 3 February 1802.5 He gained the rank of Lieutenant-General in June 1803 in the British Army.4 He was Colonel of the Coldstream Guards between 1805 and 1850.4 He gained the rank of General in April 1808.4 He held the office of Chancellor of St. Andrews University between 1811 and 1814.5 He gained the rank of Field Marshal in November 1813.4 He was appointed Knight Grand Cross, Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on 2 January 1815.5 He was appointed Knight Grand Cross, Hanoverian Order (G.C.H.) on 12 August 1815.5 He held the office of Viceroy of Hanover between November 1816 and June 1837.5 He held the office of Grand Master of the Order of St. Michael and St. George on 20 June 1825.5 He was appointed Knight Grand Cross, Order of St. Michael and St. George (G.C.M.G.) on 20 June 1825.5 He was Colonel of the 60th Foot between 1827 and 1850.4 He held the office of Ranger of Richmond Park between 1835 and 1850.5 He was appointed Knight, Order of the Black Eagle of Prussia.5 He was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Law (LL.D.) by Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, EnglandG, on 4 July 1842.5 He held the office of Ranger of St. James's Park and Hyde Park between 1843 and 1850.5 He was appointed Knight, Order of St. Andrew of Russia in 1844.5 He held the office of Warden of the New Forest between 1845 and 1850.5 He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.7

Children of Adolphus Frederick Hanover, 1st Duke of Cambridge and Auguste Wilhelmine Luise Prinzessin von Hessen-Kassel
Field Marshal George William Frederick Charles Hanover, 2nd Duke of Cambridge+ b. 26 Mar 1819, d. 17 Mar 1904
Auguste Karoline Hanover, Princess of Cambridge+6 b. 19 Jul 1822, d. 4 Dec 1916
Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth Hanover, Princess of Cambridge+8 b. 27 Nov 1833, d. 27 Oct 1897
Citations
[S3] Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987), page 178. Hereinafter cited as Queen Victoria's Descendants.


http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/july-8-daily-featured-royal-date/

Adolphus married Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel 7 May 1818, Kassel, Hessen, Germany. Auguste (daughter of Friedrich Hessen-Kassel, III and Karoline Polyxene von Nassau-Usingen) was born 25 Jul 1797, Rumpenheim, Offenbach am Main, Hessen, Germany; was christened 31 Jul 1797, Rumpenheim, Offenbach am Main, Hessen, Germany; died 6 Apr 1889, Saint James's Palace, London, England, United Kingdom; was buried , St. George's Chapel Windsor, Windsor and Maidenhead Royal Borough, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/157292962/augusta-von_hesse-kassel

Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (German: Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel; 25 July 1797 ? 6 April 1889) was the wife of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the tenth-born child, and seventh son, of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The longest-lived daughter-in-law of George III, she was the maternal grandmother of Mary of Teck, wife of George V.

Princess and Landgravine Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, third daughter of Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, and his wife, Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen, was born at Rumpenheim Castle (French: Château de Rumpenheim, German: Rumpenheimer Schloss), Kassel, Hesse. Through her father, she was a great-granddaughter of George II of Great Britain, her grandfather having married George II's daughter Mary. Her father's older brother was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. In 1803, her uncle's title was raised to Elector of Hesse ? whereby the entire Kassel branch of the Hesse dynasty gained an upward notch in hierarchy.
Marriage

On 7 May, in Kassel, and then, again, on 1 June 1818 at Buckingham Palace, Princess Augusta married her second cousin, the Duke of Cambridge, when she was 20 and he 44. Upon their marriage, Augusta gained the style HRH The Duchess of Cambridge. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children.

From 1818 until the accession of Queen Victoria, and the separation of the British and Hanoverian crowns in 1837, the Duchess of Cambridge lived in Hanover, where the Duke served as viceroy on behalf of his brothers, George IV and William IV. In 1827 Augusta allowed that a new village, founded on 3 May 1827 and to be settled in the course of the cultivation and colonisation of the moorlands in the south of Bremervörde, would bear her name. On 19 June the administration of the Hanoveran High-Bailiwick of Stade informed the villagers that she had approved the chosen name Augustendorf for their municipality (since 1974 it is a component locality of Gnarrenburg). The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge returned to Great Britain, where they lived at Cambridge Cottage, Kew, and later at St. James's Palace. The Duchess of Cambridge survived her husband by thirty-nine years, dying at the age of ninety-one.

She was buried at St Anne's Church, Kew, but her remains were later transferred to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

25 July 1797 ? 7 May 1818: Her Serene Highness Princess Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse[2]
7 May 1818 ? 6 April 1889: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge

Ancestry
[show]Ancestors of Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children:
Name Birth Death Notes
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 26 March 1819 17 March 1904 illegally married, 1847, Sarah Louisa Fairbrother; had issue
Princess Augusta of Cambridge 19 July 1822 4 December 1916 married, 1843, Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; had issue
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge 27 November 1833 27 October 1897 married, 1866, Francis, Duke of Teck; had issue, including Mary of Teck, wife of George V